What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from abnormal cell growth in the breast tissue. These cancerous cells may invade nearby tissues or spread through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body.

Statistics and the Importance of Early Detection

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. In Thailand, the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer is increasing each year. However, early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer may arise from a combination of controllable and uncontrollable factors, including:

• Genetics: Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
• Hormonal changes: Prolonged exposure to estrogen, such as early menstruation or late menopause
• Age: Risk increases after age 50
• Lifestyle habits: Alcohol consumption, smoking, high-fat diets, and lack of exercise

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

In its early stages, breast cancer may not present clear symptoms. However, common warning signs include:

• A lump in the breast or underarm (often firm and painless)
• Skin changes on the breast: dimpling, redness, or thickening resembling an orange peel
• Changes in the nipple: inversion, discharge (yellowish or bloody)
• Changes in breast size or shape

If any of these symptoms are present, consult a doctor immediately.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Several methods can be used to detect breast cancer:

• Self-examination: Monthly breast checks, especially after menstruation
• Mammogram: X-ray imaging of the breast to detect lumps not felt during a physical exam
• Biopsy: Laboratory examination of breast tissue samples

Breast Cancer Treatments

Treatment options depend on the cancer’s stage and the patient’s overall health:

• Surgery: Lumpectomy (removal of the tumor) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast)
• Radiation Therapy: Destroys remaining cancer cells after surgery
• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells
• Hormone Therapy: Blocks hormones that stimulate cancer cell growth
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells

Breast Cancer Prevention

Reduce your risk through lifestyle changes and regular checkups:

• Perform regular breast self-exams
• Exercise at least 150 minutes per week
• Avoid alcohol and smoking
• Eat a healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and fiber
• Schedule annual breast screenings (mammogram and ultrasound) starting at age 35

Emotional Support for Breast Cancer Patients

Fighting breast cancer requires more than medical treatment. Emotional support from family, friends, and support groups helps patients feel less isolated and improves mental well-being.

Conclusion

Breast cancer is preventable and treatable, especially when detected early. Annual health checkups, healthy lifestyle choices, and regular breast screenings are crucial for reducing risk and ensuring effective treatment.